Angola National Development Plan 2023-2027

Strategic Framework

The National Development Plan (PDN) 2023-2027 is a medium-term planning instrument created in accordance with the Basic Law of the General Regime of the National Planning System (Law No. 1/11 of January 14). Its primary purpose is to implement the Long-Term Strategy "Angola 2050" (ELP) by ensuring alignment and coherence between medium and long-term planning instruments, while continuously monitoring the country's progress toward the goals established in the ELP.

The PDN 2023-2027 is designed to be realistic, feasible, collaborative, and consistent. It incorporates guidelines from the Government Plan 2022-2027 and relies on an integrated approach that takes into account various international and national commitments:

• International Commitments: The plan aligns with the African Union's Agenda 2063 ("The Africa We Want"), the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan 2020-2030, and the ECCAS Medium-Term Strategic Indicative Plan 2021-2025. It also capitalizes on the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and the Tripartite Free Trade Area agreement (between COMESA, SADC, and EAC), which will facilitate access to over 500 million consumers.
• National Commitments: Internally, the plan integrates cross-sectoral policies and programs, alongside transversal government initiatives such as PRODESI, PREI, PROPRIV, PIIM, and Kwenda.

Integration with the Long-Term Strategy (ELP) 

The ELP "Angola 2050" utilizes a holistic approach to address the country's challenges, unifying sector-specific strategies under five overarching global objectives. The strategic axes of the PDN 2023-2027 perfectly converge with these ELP objectives to ensure strategic consistency:

1. A society that values and empowers its human capital: Reflected in Axis 3 of the PDN, covering education, health, sports, and culture.
2. A modern and competitive infrastructure: Reflected mainly in Axis 5 of the PDN, and also in Axis 2.
3. A diversified and prosperous economy: Addressed by reducing the weight of the oil sector and adopting renewable energies, reflected in Axes 5 and 6 of the PDN.
4. A resilient and sustainable ecosystem: Complementing infrastructure goals, this is reflected mainly in Axis 5 of the PDN.
5. A nation open to the world, secure, and with equal opportunities: Focused on reducing inequality, this is reflected in Axes 1, 4, and 7 of the PDN.

To measure progress, each sectorial approach relies on "Main Goals," which are internationally comparable metrics projecting medium-term (2027) and long-term (2050) outcomes.

Link to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 

The methodology used to align the PDN with the UN Agenda 2030 was based on the UN's Rapid Integrated Assessment (RIA). Out of the 284 priorities outlined in the Plan, 212 priorities (74.6%) have a direct impact on achieving the SDG targets.

Recent Evolution of the International Context

Angola is currently navigating an uncertain international and geopolitical economic environment shaped by recent global events. The strategic document outlines this context by dividing it into a retrospective look at the previous five years and an outlook for the upcoming cycle.

2018-2022: Five Unprecedented Years 

The last five years were exceptionally turbulent, driven by a combination of the COVID-19 pandemic, an energy supply crisis, a significant rise in global inflation, and geopolitical tensions. This era brought unprecedented levels of unrest and uncertainty, severely impacting global development goals. Notably, global extreme poverty increased in 2020 for the first time in two decades.

Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Middle-Income Countries (MICs) have faced rising prices coupled with significant vulnerabilities stemming from unsustainable public debt. Furthermore, climate change continues to represent a long-term risk, with extreme weather and natural disasters affecting everything from agriculture to infrastructure. While most countries recovered their pre-pandemic Gross Domestic Product (GDP) levels by 2022, slow economic growth continues to threaten the upcoming cycle.

2023-2027: A Hard and Uncertain Cycle 

The current five-year cycle began in a state of crisis, presenting a fragile global economy where the risk of errors in fiscal, monetary, or financial policy is high. The document compares this scenario to the 1970s crisis, which was also marked by oil shocks, high inflation, geopolitical conflicts, and a slowdown in productivity. However, today's challenges are distinct because they are more globally interconnected, limited by carbon constraints, and characterized by countries carrying much higher debt-to-GDP ratios.

Moving forward, several megatrends will shape global politics, demographics, and energy needs:

• Demographics: Africa will be responsible for over half of the global population growth in the coming decades, while the rest of the world struggles with aging populations.
• Energy Transition: The disruption in the energy sector will intensify, as the shift toward low-carbon energy is inevitable, even though current global investments fall short of actual energy needs.
• Geopolitics and Trade: There is increasing polarization among global blocs. A major factor will be how China's economy behaves following its exit from "zero-COVID" policies, as its vast role in global supply chains means any disruption will heavily impact international trade.

Macroeconomic Outlook Due to these converging factors, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts a global growth slowdown to 3.0% in 2023 and 2024, down from 3.5% in 2022. The surge in inflation has triggered tighter monetary policies worldwide, alongside a substantial appreciation of the US dollar. This environment creates significant challenges for emerging markets; the strong dollar increases the cost of imported goods, restricts financial conditions, and means that capital flows will take time to recover.

In conclusion, Angola must execute its medium-term development plan within this highly complex economic and geopolitical landscape to ensure solid growth and meet the expectations of all Angolans.

Recent Evolution of the National Context

Economic Trajectory and Diversification 

Angola experienced five years of economic recession, marked by consecutive contractions in its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) between 2016 and 2020. At the peak of the COVID-19 crisis in 2020, Angola's GDP suffered a severe reduction of about 60%, dropping the country to the position of the eighth-largest economy in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, this trajectory inverted with recovery beginning in 2021, and by 2022, economic growth was consolidated, allowing Angola to return to its position as the third-largest economy in the region.

While the volatility of international oil prices continues to underscore the heavy weight of the oil sector in the economy, recent years have shown signs of progressive economic diversification. Between 2020 and 2022, key non-oil sectors like agriculture and industry experienced average annual GDP growth of approximately 5% and 2%, respectively. The Program to Support Production, Export Diversification, and Import Substitution (PRODESI) played a determining role in this shift, adding over Kz 2 billion to the non-oil GDP between 2019 and 2022. Looking ahead to 2023-2027, the plan anticipates a 3% average annual real GDP growth, driven by a 4.6% growth in the non-oil sector to offset a projected 2.2% annual contraction in the oil sector.

Demographics and Employment 

During the 2018-2022 quinquennium, Angola's population grew at an estimated 3.1% annually, reaching 33 million people, driven by a high fertility rate of 5.4 children per woman. This rapid demographic expansion, combined with the economic recession, resulted in a slight drop in GDP per capita between 2018 and 2022.

The labor market faced significant pressures due to this growth. Although approximately 2 million jobs were created during this period, the active population increased by 3 million potential workers. Consequently, the overall unemployment rate rose slightly from about 29% to 30%. The situation is particularly critical for the youth (under 25 years old), where unemployment increased to 53%. The government aims to reduce the overall unemployment rate to 25% by 2027.

Fiscal Consolidation and Macroeconomic Stability 

Despite the shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic, the last five years were characterized by strong fiscal consolidation. The average budget balance improved to -2.6% (compared to -3.7% in the preceding five years), with the country actually achieving budget surpluses of 3.8% and 0.99% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Public debt saw a dramatic recovery; after peaking at 134% of GDP in 2020 due to exceptional debt service demands and currency depreciation, it was successfully reduced from 90% in 2018 to 65% by the end of 2022.

A major structural reform occurred in late 2020 with the liberalization of the exchange regime and the adoption of a flexible exchange rate. This allowed the economy to better absorb external shocks and kept international reserves above the target of 6 months of import coverage.

Private Investment and Formalization of the Economy 

To increase the private sector's role, the government launched the Privatization Program (PR OPRIV) in 2019, identifying 195 assets. By the end of the five-year period, 93 companies and assets were privatized, raising Kz 955 billion for the State.

In terms of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Angola registered an accumulated inflow of approximately USD 38.8 billion. However, this investment remains heavily skewed, with USD 36.9 billion directed toward the oil sector. The formalization of the economy also progressed, notably through the Informal Economy Reconversion Program (PREI) initiated in 2022, which formalized over 251,000 economic operators.

Social Indicators and Human Capital 

While the country's Human Capital Index (HCI) remained stable around 0.36 between 2018 and 2020, there were notable improvements in health and education. Between 2017 and 2021, life expectancy increased from 61.7 to 62.3 years, and infant mortality decreased from 54 to 47 deaths per 1,000 live births. The literacy rate of the population grew from 66% in 2014 to 72% in 2021.

Social assistance saw innovative approaches, such as the Kwenda project, which distributed USD 420 million via direct cash transfers to 251,000 vulnerable families. Angola also made strides in gender equality; female representation in parliament increased from 26% (59 deputies) in 2017 to 37.7% (83 deputies) in 2022.

Macroeconomic Framework for 2023-2027

The macroeconomic framework for the 2023-2027 period is designed to consolidate the economic recovery trajectory that began in the third quarter of 2021. It is heavily anchored in increasing economic diversification and food security while safeguarding the sustainability of public and external accounts.

GDP Growth and Sector Dynamics 

By 2027, Angola aims to achieve a real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Kz 61.961 billion (at 2022 prices). The plan projects an average annual real GDP growth rate of 3.0%, which will help consolidate Angola's position as a middle-income country.

This overall growth rate reflects two distinct, contrasting realities within the economy:

• The Oil Sector: Expected to face a continuous decline due to reduced production capabilities, registering an average annual real decrease of -2.2%.
• The Non-Oil Sector: Projected to act as the true engine of the economy, growing at an average of 4.6% per year. This robust growth will be primarily driven by high growth rates in Industry (11.69%), Communications and Information Technologies (9.23%), Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry (8.29%), and Fisheries (5.89%).

GDP from the Expenditure Perspective 

From an expenditure standpoint, economic growth will be fueled by an increase in family consumption, whose weight in the GDP is expected to rise from 44.3% in 2022 to 47.9% in 2027. Additionally, the weight of investment (gross fixed capital formation) is expected to grow from 13.2% to 16.2%, accumulating to nearly Kz 70 billion over the five-year period. The trade balance is expected to maintain a positive surplus, though slightly decreasing from 25.3% to 23.1% due to the drop in oil production.

Fiscal Framework and Public Accounts 

The indicative fiscal framework points to a slight decrease in the weight of current revenues, falling from 24.6% of GDP in 2022 to 24.2% in 2027, largely reflecting the shrinking weight of the oil economy. To counterbalance this, non-oil fiscal revenues are projected to increase from 8.3% to 9.4% of the GDP, meaning they will represent 38.8% of the country's total current revenue by 2027.

On the expenditure side, total expenses will drop to 18.0% of GDP by 2027. This includes:

• A reduction in capital expenditure from 6.4% to 5.2% of GDP, which the government plans to offset by aggressively attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).
• A reduction in current expenditures from 17.2% to 12.8% of GDP, primarily due to a relative decrease in the weight of debt service obligations.

Financial Resource Distribution 

In absolute terms, total expenditure during the quinquennium will increase, reaching Kz 82 trillion. The government will focus on a more efficient allocation of resources, moving away from debt service and heavily toward programmatic expenses, which will grow from 22% in 2022 to 35% in 2027.

The distribution of these funds across the PDN's strategic axes highlights a massive prioritization of social development:

• Axis 3 (Human Capital Development) will receive the largest budget allocation, absorbing an average of 28.7% of all foundational expenses over the five years, and peaking at 30.3% in 2027. This dynamic is driven by critical needs in the health and education sectors, whose share of total expenses will increase from 7.8% and 10.0% in 2022 to 10.2% and 11.8% in 2027, respectively.
• Other major allocations by 2027 include Axis 1 (Consolidating Peace and Rule of Law) at 15.8%, Axis 5 (Infrastructure and Environment) at 15.5%, and Axis 7 (Defense and Security) at 13.9%.

The Vision

The National Development Plan 2023-2027 aims to translate the country's long-term ambitions into concrete results by significantly improving the well-being of Angolans by the end of the quinquennium. This vision is guided by three core commitments: more food security, more employment, and less poverty. It aligns with the "Angola 2050" long-term strategy, which envisions a society that values its human capital, promotes a diversified and prosperous economy, modernizes its infrastructure, and builds a fair, inclusive nation with equal opportunities.

Macroeconomic and Investment Goals 

A key macroeconomic target to achieve this vision is converging the non-oil Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate to 5%. This growth is essential to generate employment and push the population living below the poverty line to under 30%. To fulfill these goals, the government requires elevated participation from the private sector and enhanced multilateral collaboration. Annual Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is projected to rise from USD 6 billion in 2022 to USD 14 billion by 2027, with a strategic goal that 50% of this investment will be directed toward non-oil sectors.

Economic Diversification and Production 

The acceleration of economic diversification is the primary economic strategy, focusing on sectors that have the highest synergy with the goals of food security and poverty reduction.

• Agriculture and Fisheries: The plan heavily prioritizes agriculture, fisheries, and agribusiness. It targets a real increase in agricultural production of over 30% through improved productivity, irrigation systems, and the creation of agribusiness clusters fueled by foreign direct investment. The fisheries sector, particularly aquaculture (which currently represents less than 0.5% of total fish production), will be accelerated to guarantee sustainable food sources for a growing population.
• Industry and Mining: The manufacturing sector will undergo a deep transformation to become a primary employment generator, heavily promoting the "Feito em Angola" (Made in Angola) brand to increase local content and ensure that domestic consumption is directed toward national goods. The industrial focus will be on agro-industry (grains, dairy, sugar, coffee), fertilizers, textiles, and footwear. In the mining sector, while the goal is to double diamond production, there will be a strong push toward exploring precious metals like gold, ornamental rocks, and iron (such as the Cutato-Cuchi project).
• Oil, Infrastructure, and Tourism: The oil and gas sector will remain fundamental for financing this economic transformation, though it will require less State intervention moving forward. Crucial infrastructure in energy, water, transport, logistics, and communications will be secured to support all productive sectors. Additionally, the government will prioritize tourism—specifically nature, adventure, and sun-and-sea tourism—focusing on four main development hubs: Cabo Ledo, the Okavango Basin, Namibe, and Calandula.

Human Capital Development 

Angola faces a continuous demographic explosion, with the population expected to grow by 5 million to reach a total of 38 million by 2027. To manage this and value human capital, the vision relies on significant advancements in health and education:

• Health: The plan aims to increase life expectancy by 2 years and reduce the under-5 mortality rate from 69 to 51 per 1,000 live births. Access to healthcare will become more equitable through the construction of new facilities, an increase in health professionals, and a boost in local medicine production to overcome urban-rural inequalities. Multisectoral efforts will heavily target the reduction of prevalent communicable diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS.
• Education: The vision includes raising the literacy rate to near 80% and drastically reducing school dropout rates. The State plans to build more schools, hire more teachers, and guarantee inclusive access, such as providing school meals for at least 20% of basic education students. Higher education and curriculum reform will focus on STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) fields, alongside a massive literacy campaign utilizing both professionals and volunteers.

Social Protection and Poverty Reduction

Reducing extreme poverty remains an absolute priority to break the vicious cycle limiting economic growth. The government will concentrate its efforts on well-funded, consistent projects like Kwenda to assist the most vulnerable communities. The base social protection strategy will operate on immediate relief—through cash and in-kind transfers—combined with income-generating services to facilitate the social integration of vulnerable groups. Furthermore, the plan aims to significantly increase mandatory social security coverage, targeting 4.3 million contributors and insured individuals by 2027.

Axis 1: Consolidate peace and the democratic rule of law, continue the reform of the State, justice, public administration, media, freedom of expression, and civil society

The central vision of Axis 1 is to ensure that Angolans live in a safer society where citizens can enjoy their rights, freedoms, and guarantees in a climate of peace and tranquility. To achieve this, the government is implementing the State Modernization Policy (Política da Modernização do Estado), which aims to build a modern, participatory State that is oriented toward its citizens. This involves articulating investments in public administration to make processes more efficient while handling the pressure of demographic growth.

The policy is driven by 31 specific priorities and is structured around 7 key programs:

1. Capacity Building and Modernization of Public Administration This program focuses on improving the technical skills, quality, and efficiency of public servants. Key initiatives include reforming the human resources management system, adopting new performance evaluation mechanisms based on merit, and expanding the SIAC (Integrated Citizen Service) network to bring public services closer to the population.

2. Promotion of Citizenship and Citizen Participation The goal is to dynamically innovate the reform process of the State, particularly at the level of Local State Administration (OALE). This includes implementing systems to guarantee integrity and transparency in local governance.

3. Administrative Deconcentration and Decentralization A fundamental step in this axis is preparing the country for true local autonomy through the implementation of local municipalities (autarquias). The program plans to implement the Integrated Plan for the Institutionalization of Local Municipalities (PIIAL), adjust the political-administrative division of the country (such as creating two new provinces by dividing Moxico and Cuando Cubango), and reduce regional asymmetries. It also includes measures to fix skilled professionals in rural areas and expand the network of Community and Health Development Agents (ADECOS).

4. Reform and Modernization of Justice Administration To make the State more efficient and reduce bureaucracy, this program targets the digital transformation of justice and citizen identification. Major objectives include:

• Guaranteeing interoperability between public administration databases and the identity card system.
• Discontinuing the emission of a separate voter card by utilizing the identity card database.
• Improving the management of civil, land, automobile, and commercial registries, including a mass campaign for regularizing land properties.
• Progressively decongesting the courts by investing in extrajudicial conflict resolution centers.

5. Combating Economic, Financial Crime, and Corruption The government plans to strengthen the legal and institutional framework for fighting corruption through a comprehensive strategic plan. This includes prevention mechanisms, such as increasing transparency in public procurement, raising civic awareness, and implementing systems to detect and correct non-conformities in public management.

6. Promotion of Human Rights This program aims to guarantee the effective use of human rights for all people living in Angola without discrimination, including refugees, stateless individuals, and those at risk of statelessness. It emphasizes the inclusion of civil society, promoting its active and participatory role in developing, implementing, and monitoring public policies.

7. Improvement of Public Media Services To ensure high-quality and diverse content that represents the Angolan population, this program focuses on expanding journalist training centers and modernizing media infrastructure. Key priorities include expanding the national broadband network, implementing Digital Terrestrial Television (TDT), and developing a sustainable operational and financial model for state-owned communication agencies.

Key Policy Goals (2027 Targets)

To measure the success of Axis 1, the government has set several internationally comparable targets by 2027:

• Increase the percentage of public servants benefiting from training from 11.2% (2022) to 36.2%.
• Improve Angola's score in the World Bank's Rule of Law indicator from 17.3% to 22.0%, and its Government Effectiveness score from 13.0% to 17.5%.
• Improve the Mo Ibrahim Index score for African Governance in the area of Public Participation from 35.2 to 44.6.
• Improve the World Press Freedom Index ranking from 125 to 99.

Axis 2: Promote the balanced and harmonious development of the territory

The primary objective of Axis 2 is to achieve a more balanced territory characterized by a lower concentration of economic activity and population. By fostering development across all 18 provinces, the government aims to ensure that both urban and rural populations have access to basic services—including water, sanitation, and electricity—and adequate infrastructure.

Territorial Planning Policy

This vision is operationalized through the Territorial Planning Policy (Política do Ordenamento do Território), which focuses on expanding the supply of accessible and decent housing, and ensuring basic services for all Angolans. The policy is structured into four key programs:

1. Housing Program (Programa 8) This program aims to increase the production of adequate and accessible housing to reduce the country's housing and infrastructure deficit. Key strategies include:

• Expanding the state's offer of accessible housing by building new housing centralities and utilizing public-private partnerships.
• Promoting directed self-construction (auto-construção dirigida) by providing land reserves with basic infrastructure such as drainage, sewage, lighting, and telecommunications.
• Implementing online services for issuing and paying for building permits.

2. Territorial Planning, Urbanism, Cartography, and Cadastre Program (Programa 9) Effective urban planning is seen as a key factor in preventing the worsening of the housing deficit. This program focuses on decentralizing territorial planning by developing the competencies of local administrations. Priorities include:

• Improving the national geodetic and cartographic system, including updating maps and registering land parcels.
• Developing the urban network by selecting priority areas for urban requalification and promoting the conversion of degraded areas.

3. Construction, Rehabilitation, Conservation, and Maintenance of Public Buildings and Social Equipment Program (Programa 10) This program ensures the construction and maintenance of public buildings and social facilities to accommodate rapid population growth and the decentralization of services. It emphasizes creating preventive maintenance plans, elaborating technical regulations for public works, and effectively managing public works contracts across the territory.

4. Road Infrastructure Construction, Rehabilitation, Conservation, and Maintenance Program (Programa 11) Roads are highlighted as a crucial component of the transport network that connects communities and facilitates economic activity. The program seeks to maximize the potential of road infrastructure by:

• Constructing and rehabilitating the road infrastructure, including national and municipal roads and bridges.
• Strengthening the National Road Institute of Angola (INEA).
• Ensuring road networks connect key centers of economic activity, special tourist zones (like Cabo Ledo, Bacia do Okavango, Namibe, and Calandula), and agricultural production hubs.

Key Policy Goals (2027 Targets)

To measure the success of Axis 2, the government has established several targets for 2027:

• Reduce the housing deficit (percentage of households) from 32.0% (2022) to 31.4%.
• Decrease the percentage of the urban population living in informal settlements from 49.0% to 44.5%.
• Increase the percentage of housing property titles from 10% to 35%.
• Reach a cumulative investment volume of Kz 1.9 trillion in the rehabilitation and maintenance of the main road network.
• Reach a cumulative investment volume of Kz 1.2 trillion in the rehabilitation and maintenance of the complementary road network.

Axis 3: Promote the development of human capital

Axis 3 is the cornerstone of Angola's strategy to empower its population and harness its demographic dividend. Recognizing that human capital is the country's most valuable asset, the government has made this axis its absolute financial priority. Axis 3 will receive the largest budget allocation, absorbing an average of 28.7% of all programmatic expenses over the five years, and peaking at 30.3% in 2027.

This axis groups together cross-cutting policies designed to improve the lives of Angolans from early childhood through adulthood, structured around four primary policy areas:

1. Education, Youth, Employment, and Innovation Policy 

This comprehensive policy aims to ensure that the growing youth population is educated, healthy, and employable. It comprises several core programs:

• Expansion and Modernization of the Education System: The State plans to massively expand access to all levels of education, build new infrastructure, and provide school meals to at least 20% of basic education students to reduce dropout rates. The curriculum will undergo a transformation with a major focus on STEAM areas (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics). A massive literacy campaign will also be rolled out, utilizing professional educators and volunteers to reduce adult illiteracy.
• Employment and Entrepreneurship: To combat high unemployment rates, the government will implement a National Employment Plan. This involves expanding the national network of vocational training centers, offering microcredit lines, and creating incubators to support startups and self-employment.
• Youth Development: Initiatives will focus on providing essential services to youth, including the construction of community centers, the promotion of civic education, and the expansion of vital sexual and reproductive health services.
• Science, Technology, and Innovation: Angola aims to develop a robust scientific ecosystem by creating technology parks, funding R&D institutions, and linking university research directly with the agriculture and health sectors.

2. Health Policy 

The goal is to provide a longer, healthier life for the population by improving the National Health System (SNS).

• Expansion of Services: The plan prioritizes equitable access to primary care, heavily investing in the construction of new healthcare units and the hiring and training of doctors and nurses.
• Maternal and Child Health: A significant focus is placed on accelerating the reduction of maternal and child mortality through widespread immunization campaigns and improved pediatric nutrition.
• Disease Prevention: Multisectoral programs will target the reduction of prevalent communicable diseases such as malaria (via the mass distribution of treated mosquito nets), tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS.
• Pharmaceutical Supply: The government will strengthen the supply chain for medical goods and support the local manufacturing of medicines to reduce external dependency.

3. Cultural Policy 

This policy seeks to valorize Angola's diverse cultural heritage and promote the creative economy.

• Valorization and Dynamization of Culture: Programs will map ethnolinguistic groups, digitalize the production and distribution of cultural goods (like literature, music, and photography), and host major national and international cultural festivals.
• Cultural Infrastructure: The State will build and rehabilitate crucial cultural sites, including museums, public libraries, and traditional royal courts (ombalas).

4. Sports Policy 

The sports policy views physical activity as both a public health tool and a platform for national pride.

• Generalization of Sports and High Performance: The government will promote recreational sports at community and school levels while simultaneously developing a support system to identify and nurture high-performance talent for international competitions, such as the Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Key Policy Goals (2027 Targets)

To measure the success of the massive investments in human capital, the PDN establishes several vital targets for 2027:

• Health: Increase average life expectancy from 62 to 63 years, reduce the under-5 mortality rate from 69 to 51 per 1,000 live births, and increase the number of doctors per 10,000 inhabitants from 1.8 to 2.8.
• Education: Increase the adult literacy rate from 76% to 78%, and increase the net enrollment rate in primary education from 64% to 70%.
• Employment: Reduce the national unemployment rate from 30% (in 2022) to 25%.

Axis 4: Reduce social inequalities

The core objective of Axis 4 is to reduce social inequalities by eradicating hunger and extreme poverty, promoting gender equality, and addressing multidimensional challenges to elevate the overall quality of life of the Angolan population. To support these objectives, the financial resources allocated to this axis are projected to grow from 5.8% of programmatic expenses in 2023 to 6.4% by 2027.

This vision is operationalized primarily through the Population and Promotion of Vulnerable Communities Policy (Política da População e de Promoção das Comunidades Vulneráveis), which is designed to protect the most vulnerable, help citizens escape the poverty cycle, and fulfill the human potential of all residents. The policy focuses on groups such as children, the elderly, refugees, stateless individuals, and people with disabilities, and is structured into four main programs:

1. Integrated Local Development and Poverty Combat Program (Program 21) 

This program focuses on creating a robust social safety net and promoting productive inclusion. Key priorities include:

• Expanding Cash Transfers: Scaling up direct cash and in-kind transfers to vulnerable groups, significantly through the expansion of the Kwenda project.
• Productive Inclusion: Distributing kits to create businesses for the most vulnerable, providing training, and assisting in the creation of cooperatives, particularly in agriculture and fisheries.
• Targeted Assistance: Implementing the Single Social Registry (Cadastro Social Único) and providing socio-professional reintegration services for ex-military personnel and comprehensive support for people with disabilities.

2. Modernization and Expansion of Social Security Program (Program 22) 

Aimed at reducing poverty and avoiding dependency on social assistance, this program seeks to expand mandatory social protection. Key initiatives involve:

• Improving coordination between the National Social Security Institute (INSS) and the tax authority (AGT) to identify irregularities and expand coverage.
• Creating special contribution regimes for independent workers, domestic workers, and workers in the informal sector to bring them into the formal social security system.

3. Social Action and Family Valorization Program (Program 23) 

This program focuses on improving the living conditions of families, with a special emphasis on the elderly and children.

• Elderly and Family Care: Fostering community and home care solutions for the elderly, rather than relying solely on institutionalization, and promoting good family practices.
• Child Protection: Creating a National Children's Observatory, expanding the network of childhood centers, and aggressively combating violence and abuse against children, including strengthening penalties for perpetrators.

4. Gender Equality Program (Program 24) 

Angola aims to break down the barriers that limit women's success in society through targeted interventions:

• Educational Parity: Implementing actions to keep girls in school, combating bullying and harassment, and reducing the adolescent pregnancy rate, which often leads to school dropout.
• Economic Empowerment: Providing microcredit systems for women, distributing professional kits, and ensuring women have equal access to land and bank credits.
• Combating Violence: Strengthening the support network for victims of gender-based violence, establishing domestic violence complaint lines, and creating psychological assistance programs.
• Public Life Participation: Organizing the "Women of Merit" awards and actively promoting equitable participation of women in political and public spheres.

Key Policy Goals (2027 Targets)

To measure the success of Axis 4, the government has established several critical targets to be met by 2027:

• Poverty and Social Protection: Reduce the percentage of the population living below the poverty line from 31% (2022) to 28%.
• Social Security: Increase the number of individuals registered in mandatory social protection from 2.5 million to 4.3 million.
• Child Welfare: Reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 from 69 to 51 per 1,000 live births, and reduce chronic malnutrition in children under 5 from 38% to 27%.
• Gender Equality: Improve Angola's score on the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index from 0.64 to 0.69, and increase the percentage of women in the National Assembly from 38% to 42%.

Axis 5: Modernize and make the country's infrastructures more efficient and preserve the environment

The central objective of Axis 5 is to build and modernize the fundamental physical and technological infrastructure required to catalyze economic growth, while simultaneously ensuring that this development is environmentally sustainable. This axis groups together five major policy areas designed to increase connectivity, provide basic utilities, and protect Angola's natural resources.

These objectives are operationalized through the following policies and their respective programs:

1. Energy Policy (Política Energética) 

This policy aims to maximize the exploration and utilization of fossil fuels in the medium term while simultaneously promoting a transition to a more diversified, sustainable, and inclusive energy matrix.

• Expansion of the National Electrical System: The government plans to expand both on-grid and off-grid systems, prioritizing rural electrification, expanding transmission networks, and heavily investing in renewable energy sources like solar photovoltaic and hydroelectric power.
• Oil and Gas: While recognizing the eventual decline of the oil sector, the plan includes strategies to maximize the development of marginal fields, improve refining capacity to guarantee self-sufficiency in refined products, and implement a Green Hydrogen Project.

2. Communications and Digital Acceleration Policy (Política de Comunicações e Aceleração Digital) 

Recognizing communications as a motor for the digitalization of society, this policy focuses on expanding infrastructure to guarantee universal access to the internet and developing digital competencies.

• Modernization: Key initiatives include expanding the national broadband network (installing thousands of kilometers of fiber optics), implementing Digital Terrestrial Television (TDT), developing the national aerospace industry (AngoSat-2), and strengthening national cybersecurity.

3. Transport and Logistics Policy (Política dos Transportes e Logística) 

A sustainable transport sector is viewed as crucial for economic competitiveness and territorial integration.

• Infrastructure Expansion: The program spans multiple subsectors. It includes restructuring the national airline (TAAG), transferring airport operations (like the new Dr. António Agostinho Neto International Airport) to private operators, expanding the railway network (including the Luanda Surface Metro), and maximizing port infrastructure capacity (such as the Caio and Dande ports).

4. Water and Sanitation Policy (Política das Águas e Saneamento) 

This policy focuses on the integrated management of water resources as a determining factor for socio-economic development and public health.

• Supply and Sanitation: The State plans to construct and rehabilitate crucial water supply systems across various municipalities, regularize water flows by building new dams (like the Cova do Leão dam), and implement efficient management models for water and sanitation systems.

5. Environmental Sustainability Policy (Política de Sustentabilidade Ambiental) 

Angola is committed to proactive environmental governance to secure a cleaner environment and better quality of life.

• Protection and Resilience: Programs under this policy focus on mitigating environmental catastrophes, implementing a National Strategy for Climate Change to prevent air and soil pollution, protecting marine and terrestrial biodiversity, and introducing an economic model for waste management and the circular economy.

Key Policy Goals (2027 Targets)

To measure the success of Axis 5, the government has established several critical infrastructure and environmental targets to be achieved by 2027:

• Energy: Increase the on-grid electrification rate from 43% to 49%, and increase the share of renewable energies in the installed capacity from 64% to 73%.
• Communications: Expand 3G network coverage from 76% to 93% of the population, and introduce 5G coverage, targeting 21% of the population.
• Transport: More than double the number of civil aviation passengers from 2.2 million to 4.8 million annually, and increase railway cargo transported from 0.5 million to 3.3 million tons.
• Water & Sanitation: Increase the percentage of the population utilizing basic water services from 57% to 61%, and those utilizing basic sanitation from 52% to 55%.
• Environment: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from 99,992.2 to 84,694.3 KtCO2e, and improve the Environmental Performance Index score from 30.5 to 33.6.

Axis 6: Ensure sustainable, inclusive economic diversification led by the private sector, and food security

The primary ambition of Axis 6 is to definitively reduce Angola's economic dependence on the oil sector and build a resilient economy capable of guaranteeing food security. This transformation relies heavily on empowering the private sector to lead economic growth, increase domestic production, and create jobs. To support this strategic shift, this axis receives a substantial portion of the programmatic budget, starting at 12.1% in 2023 and stabilizing at 11.6% by 2027.

This vision is operationalized through two massive, comprehensive policy umbrellas:

1. Policy of Support for Production, Export Diversification, and Import Substitution

This policy marks a crucial turning point for Angola, establishing the pragmatic solutions required to substitute imports with national production and open pathways for a diversified economy. It coordinates several critical sectorial programs:

• Agriculture and Livestock: The government will heavily implement and expand the National Plan for Grain Production (PLANAGRÃO) and the National Plan for Livestock Development (PLANAPECUÁRIA). Key initiatives include organizing farmers into cooperatives, improving rural extension services, investing in irrigation systems, and creating large-scale agribusiness clusters to increase national self-sufficiency.
• Fisheries and Aquaculture: Through the PLANAPESCAS program, the State aims to accelerate both continental and maritime aquaculture, attracting large international investments to a subsector with massive growth potential. It also focuses on the sustainable management of natural fish stocks and the rehabilitation of artisanal fishing infrastructure.
• Manufacturing and Agro-industry: To add value to primary sector goods, this program aggressively promotes agro-industry to resolve bottlenecks in food processing. It also targets the development of light industries, specifically textiles, clothing, footwear, and the local production of fertilizers (such as the Soyo fertilizer plant).
• Mining (Geological-Mining Activities): While aiming to increase diamond production through the new Saurimo Diamond Development Hub and the Luanda refinery, the core strategy is diversification. The government will heavily promote the exploration and production of gold, ornamental rocks, iron (e.g., the Cutato-Cuchi project), copper, and rare earth elements vital for the global energy transition.
• Tourism: The plan aims to capture foreign direct investment to develop the "Angola Turismo" brand. It prioritizes infrastructure development in four main hubs: Cabo Ledo, the Okavango Basin, Calandula, and Namibe.

2. Policy of Stability and Economic Growth 

To ensure the private sector can thrive, the government is committed to creating an enabling, formalized, and stable macroeconomic environment.

• Formalization of the Economy (PREI): The Informal Economy Reconversion Program aims to remove barriers to formalization, particularly in the primary sector and commerce. By simplifying taxes and offering microcredit incentives, the State hopes to integrate millions of informal workers into the formal productive chain.
• Financing the Private Sector (PRODESI): A major hurdle for businesses is access to capital. The government will promote credit lines, expand the use of the Credit Guarantee Fund (FGC), and stimulate the creation of microcredit systems and venture capital funds specifically tailored to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
• Public Finances and Privatization: The State will continue its Privatization Program (PROPRIV), selling assets across various sectors (including telecommunications and industry) to increase private sector participation. Simultaneously, strict fiscal rules will be enforced to manage public debt and contain inflation.

Key Policy Goals (2027 Targets)

To measure the success of Axis 6, the government has set aggressive targets to alter the composition of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2027:

• Agriculture & Livestock: Increase the sector's contribution to the GDP from 5.2% to 7.5%.
• Manufacturing Industry: Increase the sector's contribution to the GDP from 3.9% to 6.8%.
• Fisheries: Increase the sector's contribution to the GDP from 2.5% to 3.3%, and drastically increase aquaculture production from 0.5% to 1.1% of total fish production.
• Commerce: Increase its GDP contribution from 11.6% to 13.3%.
• Formalization and Investment: Increase the formalization rate of the economy from 22% to 31%, and increase the stock of credit available to the private sector from 10.9% to 12.5% of the non-oil GDP.

Axis 7: Ensure the defense of sovereignty, integrity, and national security and promote the image and role of Angola in the regional and international context

The final strategic axis of the National Development Plan aims to guarantee the country's independence and national sovereignty, secure peace, and protect the population and national heritage. Simultaneously, it seeks to affirm Angola's presence on the global stage, using foreign relations as a tool to catalyze national economic development.

This vision is implemented through two fundamental policies:

1. Defense and Security Policy (Política de Defesa e Segurança) 

This policy is dedicated to preserving peace, protecting borders, and improving public security through the implementation of six core programs:

• Resizing and Re-equipping of National Defense (Program 44): Focuses on adjusting the size of the Angolan Armed Forces (FAA) while modernizing their equipment, infrastructure, and operational capabilities. It also includes restructuring the military health and education subsystems.
• Development of the National Defense Industry (Program 45): Aims to build a domestic defense industry to substitute imports, ensuring the local production of essential military goods, equipment, and even food (like agro-industrial hubs for the FAA).
• Well-being of Former Combatants and FAA Social Security (Program 46): Dedicated to the social, physical, and psychological rehabilitation of veterans. It prioritizes their socio-economic reintegration, including access to housing, cooperatives, and professional training.
• Mine Action (Program 47): Prioritizes the demining of areas with high socio-economic impact to allow for the safe expansion of agriculture and human settlement, alongside explosive risk awareness campaigns for the population.
• Improvement of Public Security and Border Management (Program 48): Targets crime prevention through modernized policing, the expansion of video surveillance, and better criminal investigation systems. It also focuses on humanizing the penitentiary system by reducing overcrowding, preventing road accidents, and strictly modernizing border control infrastructure to combat illegal immigration.
• Modernization and Preservation of State Security (Program 49): Strengthens the capacities of intelligence and state security organs to identify and neutralize threats to the constitutional order and democratic institutions.

2. Foreign Policy (Política Externa) 

The Foreign Policy is designed to consolidate Angola's geopolitical position while strongly supporting the country's economic diversification goals.

• Reinforcing Angola's Role in the International Context (Program 50): The primary focus is on "economic diplomacy," aiming to attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and promote Angolan exports abroad. Initiatives include negotiating bilateral and multilateral agreements, activating trade within the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), promoting tourism, and strengthening ties with the Angolan diaspora. Furthermore, the State will actively campaign to place Angolan cadres in strategic international organizations.

Key Policy Goals (2027 Targets)

To measure the success of Axis 7, the government has established several critical defense, security, and diplomatic targets to be achieved by 2027:

• Peace and Security: Improve Angola's ranking on the Global Peace Index from 78 to 72.
• Public Safety: Reduce the number of crimes per 100,000 inhabitants from 207 to 197, and decrease the prison system occupation rate from 113% to 108%. The police-to-citizen ratio will also be improved from 1 officer per 404 citizens to 1 per 367 citizens.
• Economic Diplomacy: Increase annual Foreign Direct Investment (especially in agribusiness) from USD 6 billion to USD 14 billion, and nearly double non-oil exports from USD 4 billion to USD 7.3 billion.
• International Presence: Secure positions for at least 16 Angolan professionals in international organizations, and effectively conclude adherence to the AfCFTA and the Tripartite Free Trade Area.

Executive Summary: Annex A - Methodology, Implementation, and Monitoring

Annex A of the National Development Plan (PDN) 2023-2027 establishes the foundational principles, structural hierarchy, and the innovative, results-based methodology used to execute and monitor the Angolan government's strategic vision. The primary goal of this methodology is to shift away from centralized, induced planning toward a system that guarantees transparency, accountability, and sustainable socio-economic impact.

Guiding Principles and Structure 

The methodology is built upon three core principles: strict alignment with the Long-Term Strategy "Angola 2050" and international commitments, a focus on sustainable socio-economic impact, and programmatic interdependence (ensuring harmony and integration across different ministries and provinces).

To operationalize these principles, the PDN utilizes a top-down hierarchical structure:

• Axes (Eixos) and Policies (Políticas): Central themes that distribute high-level guidelines.
• Programs and Objectives: Structuring elements that group specific activities designed to reach long-term goals.
• Priorities and Priority Actions: Highly specific, targeted activities limited by measurable indicators and targets, often representing specific Public Investment Projects (PIPs).

Investment Prioritization: 

The Two Pillars A major methodological innovation in the 2023-2027 cycle is how public investments are selected and prioritized. The plan mandates that all choices must act as "accelerators of impact". Consequently, public investments are strictly hierarchized based on their contribution to two fundamental pillars of development:

1. Human Capital Development: Prioritizing projects that elevate the qualifications of Angolans, providing them with better opportunities to realize their potential.
2. Food Security: Prioritizing projects that increase national production, reduce external dependency, and guarantee balanced food access for the population.

Investments that highly contribute to these two pillars receive the highest classification and priority for funding.

The Seven Transversal Filters 

For investments and policies that do not directly impact the two main pillars, the methodology applies a rigorous set of seven transversal filters to evaluate their socio-economic impact. Projects must demonstrate a positive influence on these specific areas to be prioritized:

1. Increase in Tax Revenue: Initiatives must contribute to raising state revenue and expanding the tax base.
2. Youth: Projects must favor youth employment and active civic participation.
3. Gender Equality: Policies must proactively empower women and reduce inequalities in wealth distribution.
4. Employment: Projects are evaluated on their proportional ability to generate high-quality jobs.
5. Environmental Sustainability: Investments must safeguard natural resources, mitigate climate change, and protect ecosystems.
6. Vulnerable Communities: Projects must protect the most disadvantaged populations and promote equitable access to basic services.
7. Improvement of the Business Environment: Initiatives must help formalize the economy, remove bureaucratic barriers, and stimulate private sector development.

By filtering all government actions through these pillars and transversal themes, the PDN ensures that financial and human resources are rationalized and directed exclusively toward projects that deliver measurable improvements to the well-being of the Angolan population.